The Theories of Taswib and Takhti’ah in Usul al-Fiqh The Perspective of Syihab ad-Din al-Qarafi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v8i1.243Keywords:
Taswib, Takhti’ah, Usul al-Fiqh, Shihab al-Din al-QarafiAbstract
This article examines the theories of taswib and takhti’ah in usul al-fiqh through the perspective of Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi, one of the most influential Maliki jurists and legal theorists of the classical Islamic tradition. The study aims to analyze al-Qarafi’s position regarding the epistemological status of ijtihad, the plurality of legal opinions, and the relationship between legal certainty and juristic disagreement. Employing qualitative library research with a normative-philosophical approach, the study critically examines al-Qarafi’s principal works, particularly al-Furuq, Sharh Tanqih al-Fusul, and al-Ihkam fi Tamyiz al-Fatawa ʿan al-Ahkam, alongside classical and contemporary scholarship on Islamic legal theory. The findings demonstrate that al-Qarafi develops a nuanced synthesis between the doctrines of taswib and takhti’ah. While affirming the existence of an objective divine ruling (ḥukm Allah) in every legal case, he recognizes that qualified mujtahids who exercise rigorous legal reasoning are rewarded despite arriving at different conclusions due to epistemic limitations. Consequently, legal disagreement should be understood as a legitimate outcome of methodological diversity rather than a contradiction of Islamic legal truth. Al-Qarafi’s approach offers a balanced framework that preserves doctrinal objectivity while accommodating interpretive plurality, thereby contributing to contemporary discussions on legal pluralism, tolerance, and the dynamic development of Islamic jurisprudence in responding to evolving social realities.
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