Digital Cash Waqf and Legal Transformation in Indonesia: Harmonizing Islamic Philanthropy with Positive Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v8i1.214Keywords:
Digital Cash Waqf, Islamic Philanthropy, Positive Law, Legal TransformationAbstract
The rapid development of financial technology has transformed the management and distribution of Islamic philanthropic instruments, including cash waqf in Indonesia. Digital cash waqf has emerged as an innovative mechanism that enhances accessibility, transparency, and public participation in waqf practices through online platforms and financial technology systems. This study examines the legal transformation of digital cash waqf in Indonesia by analyzing the relationship between Islamic law principles and the national positive legal framework governing waqf management. Using a normative juridical approach combined with conceptual and statutory analysis, this research explores the harmonization between Sharī‘ah principles, Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, and contemporary financial regulations related to digital transactions and fintech governance. The findings demonstrate that digital cash waqf possesses significant potential to strengthen Islamic social finance, promote financial inclusion, and support sustainable socio-economic development. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding legal certainty, institutional supervision, digital literacy, cybersecurity, and Sharī‘ah compliance in digital waqf operations. The study argues that strengthening regulatory integration and adaptive legal governance is essential to optimize digital cash waqf in Indonesia. Furthermore, collaboration between state institutions, Islamic authorities, and financial technology providers is necessary to ensure accountable, transparent, and sustainable digital waqf management within the national legal system.
Downloads
References
Adinugraha, Hendri Hermawan, Muhammad Shulthoni, and Zohaib Hassan Sain. “Transformation of Cash Waqf Management in Indonesia: Insights into the Development of Digitalization.” Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, March 26, 2024, 50–66. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol3.iss1.art4.
Ahmad Rezy Meidina, Syaibani Ihza Ibrahim, Imam Sibawaih, Yudhi Hadiamsyah. “From Theology to Social Action: How Islamic Community Organization Conceptualize Islamic Philanthropy.” Saqifah: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 10, no. 2 (2025): 61–70. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.15548/sqf.v10i2.915.
Anggareni, Erike, Gustika Nurmalia, and A. Kumedi Ja’far. “Utilizing the Banking System For Digital Waqf Behavioral Approach of Millennial Muslims.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 390. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22562.
Ani Faujiah. “Integration of Cash Waqf and Waqf Through Cash in Islamic Social Finance: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implication.” ICO EDUSHA 4, no. 1 SE-Articles (December 8, 2025): 489–504. https://prosiding.stainim.ac.id/index.php/prd/article/view/607.
Asyari, Asyari, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Perengki Susanto, Halima Begum, Awaluddin Awaluddin, Marwan Marwan, and Abdullah Al Mamun. “Online Cash Waqf Behavioral Intention: The Role of Knowledge of Cash Waqf and Trust.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15, no. 11 (April 16, 2024): 2864–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2023-0224.
Berakon, Izra, Hendy Mustiko Aji, and Muhammad Riza Hafizi. “Impact of Digital Sharia Banking Systems on Cash-Waqf among Indonesian Muslim Youth.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13, no. 7 (May 10, 2021): 1551–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2020-0337.
Bustami, Bustami, Rio Laksamana, and Zuliana Rofiqoh. “Waqf Fundraising through Money in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era: A Case Study on Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 20, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 23–40. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i1.23-40.
Creswell, John W, and J David Creswell. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage publications, 2017.
DR. RIFKI ISMAL. “IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL CASH WAQF LINKED SUKUK: INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE.” Hamdard Islamicus 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2022). https://doi.org/10.57144/hi.v45i3.500.
Eficandra, Eficandra. “The Reconstruction of High-Inherited Wealth in Minangkabau through Cash Waqf Movement.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 121. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5850.
Fatkhur Rohman Albanjari, Fajriansyah Abdillah, Nugraheni Fitroh Rezqi Syakarna, and Mazuri Binti Abd Ghani. “Innovation in Islamic Philanthropy Development in Increasing the Inclusiveness of Cash Waqf in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2025): 301–15. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiebr.v5i2.486.
Ghafur, Fauzan, Bahir Mukhammad, Yessi Kurnia Arjani Manik, Gatot Teguh Arifyanto, Dita Kartika Sari Hasibuan, and Syahrial Arif Hutagalung. “Maqashid Syariah-Based Optimization of Cash Waqf.” Jurnal IPTEK Bagi Masyarakat 5, no. 3 (April 30, 2026): 678–87. https://doi.org/10.55537/j-ibm.v5i3.1640.
Hisam Ahyani, Memet Slamet, and Tobroni. “Building the Values of Rahmatan Lil ’Alamin for Indonesian Economic Development at 4.0 Era from the Perspective of Philosophy and Islamic Economic Law.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 16, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 121–51. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i1.4550.
Hosen, Muhamad Nadratuzzaman, Agung Maulana, Muhammad Zaid Farhand, and Muhammad Fudhail Rahman. “Evaluating the Fundraising Process of the World’s First Cash Waqf-Linked Sukuk in Indonesia.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 10, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 175. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i1.8161.
Ibrahim, Haslindar. “Cash Waqf : An Innovative Instrument for Economic Development,” 2013.
Islamiyati, Islamiyati, Rofah Setyowati, Dewi Hendrawati, and Ahmad Rofiq. “Legal Renewal of Cash Waqf Law Through Legal System Approach.” In Proceedings of the The First International Conference On Islamic Development Studies 2019, ICIDS 2019, 10 September 2019, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289333.
Jafar, Ahmad, Hafsa Ibrahim, and Rizwan Malik. “Waqf: From Classical Charitable System to Modern Financial Tool.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems, May 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2024-0354.
Jaharuddin, Jaharuddin. “STRATEGIC OPTIMIZATION OF CASH WAQF IN INDONESIA, A PRODUCTION FUNCTION AND GOVERNANCE-BASED APPROACH.” Multidisciplinary Research Studies in Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2025): 30–41. https://doi.org/10.71312/mrscholar.v1i1.337.
Johari, Fuadah, Mohammad Haji Alias, Syadiyah Abdul Shukor, Kalsom Abd Wahab, Muhammad Ridhwan Ab Aziz, Nursilah Ahmad, Zurina Kefeli, Fauzi Abu Hussin, and Patmawati Ibrahim. “Factors That Influence Repeat Contributionof Cash Waqfin Islamic Philanthropy.” Management & Accounting Review (MAR) 14, no. 2 (2015): 55–78. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v14i2.490.
Lubis, Haniah, Nuryanti Nuryanti, and Eggi Zulfahri Adibtia. “Digital-Based Cash Waqf Management at Waqf Institutions in Indonesia.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2024): 19–38. https://doi.org/10.15642/mzw.2024.6.1.19-38.
Marlion, Farid Ahmad. “Implementation of Cash Waqf Linked Deposit in Islamic Banking in Indonesia: Regulations, Opportunities, Challenges, and Digital Era Prospects.” Al-Bank: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2026): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.31958/ab.v6i1.16075.
Monaya, Nova, and Andri Brawijaya. “Regulatory Model of Cash Waqf within the National Legal System and Its Challenges.” Jurnal Legisci 3, no. 2 (December 10, 2025): 121–32. https://doi.org/10.62885/legisci.v3i2.975.
Mustofa, Imam, Dri Santoso, and Upia Rosmalinda. “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATION OF CASH WAQF MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA (A STUDY OF LEGAL SYSTEM THEORY).” Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.848.
Nofianti, Leny, Murniati Mukhlisin, and Andi Irfan. “Cash Waqf Innovation in Islamic Financial Institutions and Its Governance Issues, Case Studies: Indonesia, Malaysia, Türkiye.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 17, no. 4 (June 11, 2024): 819–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2023-0420.
Pratama, Agung, M. Fijar Ishlahul Ummah, Rizki Amar, and Sultan Wahidy. “Nazhir, Cash Waqf, and Digitalization: Assessing Sharia Compliance and Governance at Laznas Yakesma Kepri.” Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 40–61. https://doi.org/10.14421/az-zarqa.v17.i1.3841.
Putra, Haris Maiza, Hisam Ahyani, Nanang Naisabur, Muharir Muharir, and Chikal Anugrah Putra Naisabur. “Reconstruction of the Practice of Siyasa Syar’iyyah During the Islamic Empire’s Relevance to the Practice of Sharia Financing CWLS Retail in Indonesia.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 November (November 9, 2023): 347. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8057.
Rafita, Dea Reren, Yeti Vera Bella, and Anggoro Sugeng. “Analysis of Cash Waqf Management in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Literature Highlight.” Journal of Contemporary Applied Islamic Philanthropy 1, no. 1 (2023): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.62265/jcaip.v1i1.15.
Shiddiqy, Muhammad Ash-, Makhrus Makhrus, and Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo. “Cash Waqf Management for Education: Challenges, Solutions and Strategies.” Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business 9, no. 2 (August 20, 2024): 275–89. https://doi.org/10.22515/shirkah.v9i2.723.
Siddiq, Achmad, Hariyanto, Ismatul Maula, Ahmad Rezy Meidina, and Siti Arafah. “Reconstructing Waqf Share Policies: A Maqashid Sharia Approach with Insights from Indonesia.” El-Mashlahah 15, no. 1 (June 18, 2025): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v15i1.9029.
Sumarni, Sumarni, Ahmad Rezy Meidina, Andifa Dwi Fani, Nissa Ayu Marliana, and Ikhdan Gimas Shufyansyah. “From Vision to Practice: Comparative Dynamics of Islamic Economics in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 12, no. 2 (October 23, 2025): 652. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i2.7685.
Susanti, Aprida, Dede Fatah, and Zulkarnain Muhammad Ali. “An Analysis of Problems and Solutions in the Low Level of Cash Waqf in Indonesia Using Analytic Network Process (ANP).” Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review 19, no. 1 (June 12, 2025): 22–64. https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v19i1.392.
Syibly, M. Roem. “Cash Waqf Literacy in Indonesia and Malaysia: An Analysis of Journal Publications and Trends (2018-2023).” Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, August 28, 2024, 681–702. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol23.iss2.art6.
Ulfah Alfiyah Darajat. “Wealth Distribution Inequality and Social Justice in Islamic Economics: An Evaluation of the Role of Zakat, Waqf, and Islamic Philanthropic Instruments in the Digital Economy Era in Indonesia.” Journal of Social Science and Economics 4, no. 2 (September 3, 2025): 152–65. https://doi.org/10.37812/josse.v4i2.2037.
Widiastuti, Tika, Imron Mawardi, Al-Shami Samer Ali, Nikmatul Atiya, Lina Nugraha Rani, Anidah Binti Robani, and Muhammad Ubaidillah Al Mustofa. “Determinant Factors for Online Cash Waqf Intention among Muslim Millennial Generation.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 16, no. 1 (August 6, 2024): 258–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2023-0408.
Wijaya, Rusdiana Priatna. “CASH WAQF LINKED DINFRA (CWL-FRA) AS WAQF INNOVATION MODEL INTEGRATED WITH INFRASTRUCTURE INSTRUMENT FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND SUSTAINABILITY.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 330–43. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol11no2.422.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Qorri Maftukhah, Latazalina Aisyah Nahdoh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
